Understanding the Common Cold: Symptoms and Causes

The common cold is the most common illness that affects people worldwide, and it is estimated that adults get two to three colds each year, while children may get up to eight colds annually. 

The common cold is caused by different viruses, and it is highly contagious. The sections below discuss the symptoms and causes of the common cold.

Symptoms of the Common Cold

The symptoms of the common cold usually start to show one to three days after exposure to the virus. Different people may experience various signs, but the following are the most common:

• Runny or Stuffy Nose: A runny or stuffy nose is the most common symptom of the common cold. The nasal passages become inflamed, and the body produces excess mucus to flush out the virus.

• Sneezing: Sneezing is another common symptom of the common cold. It is a reflex action that the body takes to expel the virus from the respiratory system.

• Sore Throat: A sore throat is also a common symptom of the common cold. The throat becomes inflamed due to the virus, causing pain and discomfort.

• Cough: A cough is another common symptom of the common cold. It is a reflex action that the body takes to clear the airways of excess mucus.

• Headache: A headache is a common symptom of the common cold. It is caused by the inflammation of the sinuses and the pressure that builds up in the head.

• Fatigue: Fatigue is a common symptom of the common cold. The body uses a lot of energy to fight the virus, leading to tiredness and weakness.

• Fever: Fever is a rare symptom of the common cold. It is usually mild and lasts for a short period.

Causes of the Common Cold

The common cold is caused by different viruses, but the most common viruses that cause colds are rhinoviruses. The virus is passed through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or chats. 

The virus can also spread through direct contact with an infected person's secretions, such as saliva or mucus.

It can survive on surfaces for up to three hours, and if a person touches a contaminated surface and then touches their nose or mouth, they can contract the virus. And individuals with weakened immune systems tend to be more susceptible to catching a cold.

Prevention of the Common Cold

Maintaining excellent cleanliness is the most effective approach to stave off the common cold. Among the steps that can be taken to stop the virus from spreading are the following:

• Wash Hands: Regular hand washing with soap and water can help stop the virus from spreading. Hand sanitisers can also be used if soap and water are not available.

• Cover Mouth and Nose: When you're sneezing or coughing, the mouth and nose should be covered to help stop the infection from spreading.

• Avoid Touching Face: Avoid touching the face, especially the nose and mouth, to prevent the virus from entering the body.

• Disinfect Surfaces: Disinfecting surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs, can help prevent the spread of the virus.

• Stay at Home: It is best to stay at home to avoid spreading the cold virus to others.

Treatment of the Common Cold

The common cold cannot be cured, although its symptoms can be lessened with some medications. The following are some of the treatments that can be used:

• Rest: Getting plenty of rest can help the body fight the virus.

• Drink Fluids: Drinking plenty of fluids can help prevent dehydration and help flush out the virus.

• Use Saline Drops: Saline drops can be used to help clear nasal passages.

• Use a Humidifier: Using a humidifier can help relieve nasal congestion and cough.

• Pain Relief: Pain relief medication, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help relieve headaches and sore throats.

Conclusion

The common cold is a relatively mild illness that can be uncomfortable and disruptive to daily life. Be sure to take preventative measures to avoid catching or spreading the virus, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children and the elderly. By understanding its symptoms and causes, everyone can have the protection they need.

The Unichem Pharmacy online shop is your reliable virtual pharmacy in New Zealand. Unichem Greenhithe Pharmacy offers a range of treatments and options for you to achieve the best health solutions. 

Our pharmacists have training from the Australian College of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, so we truly understand medicine. Browse our catalogue and services today!